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Suggest You - Glossary of Domain Name Disputes
Has Honesty Become a Thing of the Past? the US Lanham Act to address the challenges presented by the internet. Its main effect was to expand the protection available to famous marks by prohibiting dilution.Ethical Marketing ...Has honesty become a thing of the past? Many people are asking themselves this question as they scour the net for what they need.As the low economy in the United States takes its toll on many, people are constantly looking for alternative ways to solve their dilemma, including the internet.In a frantic search to find the ultimate solution, they spend their hard-earned money on “Get Rich Schemes” only to find out that the bargain they hoped for wasn’t a bargain at all.With crushed hopes, dreams, and an empty wallet many people retaliate. Some may pass it off by learning negative things such as not trusting anyone else… possibly for the rest of their lives. Others quit buying altogether. While still others, run and tell there friends they got ripped-off and by whom causing a viral rift, giving marketers a bad reputation.Either way we look at these facts, we still come to the same conclusion. We need to change the way we are doing things and become more ethically inclined when running our businesses.Honesty has a great deal to do with any marketer, if not for any other reason but to be able to continue with one’s business. Secondly, it helps someone else get what they need.I remember a time when people put great trust in their local merchant. You remember those days? The marketer was fair and usually gave the consumer more than they bargained for…They new the secret to long term success.We too have that same power to claim long term success and to help change what is going on in the internet marketing circle! By claiming this power and making a few changes, we can help stimulate the economic growth that is needed to overcome hard times.You may be saying to yourself, but I am honest in my FTDA: See the entry on the Federal Trademark Dilution Act. gTLD: This stands for generic top level domain. Examples of gTLDs include .com, .net and .org. Compare ccTLDs. ICANN: The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) administers the domain name system. It has promulgated no less than 10 different policies relating to dispute resolution. The most important policy is the Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the UDRP). The UDRP must be read in conjunction with the Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the Rules). ICANN's other dispute resolution policies relate, for instance, to specific kinds of domain name with particular registration requirements (e.g. .pro or .biz), the .info sunrise period, and disputes with registrars over domain name transfers. IDNs: See the entry on Internationalised Domain Names. Internationalised Domain Names: A domain name potentially containing non-ASCII characters, for example a domain name consisting of Arabic or Is Being A Virtual Assistant Secretary Simple? The domain name dispute resolution system was supposed to be user-friendly, but this goal has not always been achieved. One of the main barriers to effective access has been the jargon that has grown up around the system. To successfully negotiate the system you must need to know the differences between registrants, registrars and registries; you must not confuse your UDRP with your ACPA; and you’ll need to be able to choose between NAF and WIPO should it become necessary.Well there is a very wide range of virtual assistants in the world today, the most simple seems to be a virtual assistant secretary. A virtual assistant secretary performs such duties as that of a regular virtual assistant except for the most obvious ones that can not be done with the use of a phone or computer.What Does A Virtual Assistant Secretary Do?A virtual assistant secretary is usually hired by a business to perform the simple tasks that a secretary could do with the use of a phone and computer and other various office supplies. A virtual assistant secretary would possibly be asked to do some sort of electronic filing, perhaps with the use of a spreadsheet or other organizing software. They also may be asked to make phone calls to customers, take phone calls for the employer, or even take messages. A virtual assistant secretary could also fill out paperwork, scan and e-mail or send it to the employer, so if a ton of forms had to be filled out this task would be ideal for this example. A V.A. secretary may also be in charge of setting up meeting and letting know the attending people know about it.What Types Of Businesses Hire Virtual Assistant Secretaries?Sometimes when a business is first starting out they may feel a bit overwhelmed with all the work to be done. A virtual assistant secretary can take a large load of that away and get it done within a surprising time frame. This is where the filing, paperwork, and all of the other usual job duties of a secretary come into play and play a vital role.What’s The Good And Bad To Being A Virtual Assistant Secretary?While being a virtual assistant secretary you work all from home, with your new best friends, the computer and the phone. You work only a certain number of hours Abusive registration: This is a key concept under the Nominet Dispute Resolution Policy; there is no concept of an abusive registration under the UDRP (although see the entry on bad faith). An abusive registration is one which was registered or acquired or has subsequently been used “in a manner which took unfair advantage of or was unfairly detrimental to the Complainant’s Rights”. ACPA: See the entry on the Anti-Cybersquatting Protection Act. ADR: ADR stands for alternative dispute resolution. In the domain name dispute context, arbitration proceedings are sometimes called ADR proceedings, especially in EURid documentation. Alternative dispute resolution: See the entry on ADR. Anti-Cybersquatting Protection Act: A US law enacted on 29 November 1999. It amended the Lanham Act - the centrepiece of US trade mark legislation - and forms section 43d. The ACPA may - in certain circumstances - be applied to your case by the US courts, even if you're not a citizen of or based in the US. Arbitration: Domain name arbitration is the contractually-based system of dispute resolution used to determine disputes about the proper ownership of domain names. It is distinct from traditional arbitration: a sophisticated system of private dispute resolution proceedings commonly used to determine international contractual disputes. Bad faith: Under the UDRP a successful complainant must prove that the domain name was registered or is being used in bad faith. The concept of bad faith is not defined in the UDRP; however four examples of circumstances which are evidence of bad faith are given, and I have (crudely) summarised these below. First, circumstances indicating that the respondent intended to sell the domain name to the complainant are evidence of bad faith. Second, so-called “blocking” registrations are evident of bad faith, providing they are part of a pattern of such registrations. Third, evidence of bad faith may be found in registrations intended to disrupt a competitor’s business. Finally, circumstances indicating the commercial use of a domain name which creates a likelihood of confusion between the domain name and the complainant’s mark are evidence of bad faith. The list is non-exhaustive. Cancellation: One of the remedies permitted under the UDRP, Nominet Policy, and the .eu Regulation, but rarely employed. The usual remedy is transfer. Cancellation is also known as revocation. ccTLD: This stands for country code top level domain. Examples of ccTLDs include .us, .uk and .de. Complainant: The person making a complaint via a domain name arbitration service about a domain name registration (analogous to a plaintiff or claimant in litigation). Complaint: The document setting out the complainant’s case. There are detailed rules about what must go into a complaint, and the length of complaints is strictly limited under some regimes. Typically, a complaint would include references to the provisions of the relevant policy document, a description of the factual circumstances of the case, arguments as to why the case should be found in the complaint’s favour, and references to previous decisions which support the arguments. Cybersquatting: The practice of improperly registering or acquiring domain names in which others have rights. Decision: The domain name dispute equivalent of a court judgment. There is no formal system of precedent in domain name arbitration. However, the arbitration bodies are loath to allow a diversity of interpretations of their rules, and in practice panelists will not usually depart from well-reasoned earlier decisions (or at least that they know about). Domain name holder: Another name for a registrant. EURid: The body administering the .eu domain name. The EURid dispute resolution service is provided by the Prague-based Arbitration Court attached to the Economic Chamber of the Czech Republic and Agricultural Chamber of the Czech Republic. Expert: The Nominet term for panelists - the “judges” of the domain name dispute resolution system. Most experts are practising intellectual property lawyers. Federal Trademark Dilution Act: US legislation providing a powerful remedy for the owners of famous trade marks. The FTDA was enacted in 1996. It was the first statutory amendment of the US Lanham Act to address the challenges presented by the internet. Its main effect was to expand the protection available to famous marks by prohibiting dilution. FTDA: See the entry on the Federal Trademark Dilution Act. gTLD: This stands for generic top level domain. Examples of gTLDs include .com, .net and .org. Compare ccTLDs. ICANN: The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) administers the domain name system. It has promulgated no less than 10 different policies relating to dispute resolution. The most important policy is the Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the UDRP). The UDRP must be read in conjunction with the Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the Rules). ICANN's other dispute resolution policies relate, for instance, to specific kinds of domain name with particular registration requirements (e.g. .pro or .biz), the .info sunrise period, and disputes with registrars over domain name transfers. IDNs: See the entry on Internationalised Domain Names. Internationalised Domain Names: A domain name potentially containing non-ASCII characters, for example a domain name consisting of Arabic or H Top 10 Benefits of Hiring a Marketing Writer to Write Your Marketing Materials Protection Act:1. It costs less to delegate to a professional than to waste your valuable time trying to do it yourself. How many prospective clients could you call in the time it takes you to put the words together yourself?2. You’ll stop wasting thousands of dollars on material that doesn’t work.3. You can stop struggling to find the right words.4. You can be confident that you have a professional product, and that you’ll be perceived as professional.5. It allows you the time and freedom to do what you enjoy and what you went into business for in the first place.6. A good marketing writer knows how to get into the mind of your ideal client and write materials that appeal to her hot buttons.7. Your materials will present your message in a way that gets prospects excited at the idea of working with you.8. A good marketing writer knows the difference between the kind of “good writing” you learned in school, and writing that gets results.9. You get a fresh perspective on your business: a professional writer helps you to look at your business from a new angle.10. You wouldn’t go to a dentist who’d never filled a tooth before. So why not apply the same thinking to aspects of your business where you're not an expert.Copyright 2005 Maggie Dennison A US law enacted on 29 November 1999. It amended the Lanham Act - the centrepiece of US trade mark legislation - and forms section 43d. The ACPA may - in certain circumstances - be applied to your case by the US courts, even if you're not a citizen of or based in the US. Arbitration: Domain name arbitration is the contractually-based system of dispute resolution used to determine disputes about the proper ownership of domain names. It is distinct from traditional arbitration: a sophisticated system of private dispute resolution proceedings commonly used to determine international contractual disputes. Bad faith: Under the UDRP a successful complainant must prove that the domain name was registered or is being used in bad faith. The concept of bad faith is not defined in the UDRP; however four examples of circumstances which are evidence of bad faith are given, and I have (crudely) summarised these below. First, circumstances indicating that the respondent intended to sell the domain name to the complainant are evidence of bad faith. Second, so-called “blocking” registrations are evident of bad faith, providing they are part of a pattern of such registrations. Third, evidence of bad faith may be found in registrations intended to disrupt a competitor’s business. Finally, circumstances indicating the commercial use of a domain name which creates a likelihood of confusion between the domain name and the complainant’s mark are evidence of bad faith. The list is non-exhaustive. Cancellation: One of the remedies permitted under the UDRP, Nominet Policy, and the .eu Regulation, but rarely employed. The usual remedy is transfer. Cancellation is also known as revocation. ccTLD: This stands for country code top level domain. Examples of ccTLDs include .us, .uk and .de. Complainant: The person making a complaint via a domain name arbitration service about a domain name registration (analogous to a plaintiff or claimant in litigation). Complaint: The document setting out the complainant’s case. There are detailed rules about what must go into a complaint, and the length of complaints is strictly limited under some regimes. Typically, a complaint would include references to the provisions of the relevant policy document, a description of the factual circumstances of the case, arguments as to why the case should be found in the complaint’s favour, and references to previous decisions which support the arguments. Cybersquatting: The practice of improperly registering or acquiring domain names in which others have rights. Decision: The domain name dispute equivalent of a court judgment. There is no formal system of precedent in domain name arbitration. However, the arbitration bodies are loath to allow a diversity of interpretations of their rules, and in practice panelists will not usually depart from well-reasoned earlier decisions (or at least that they know about). Domain name holder: Another name for a registrant. EURid: The body administering the .eu domain name. The EURid dispute resolution service is provided by the Prague-based Arbitration Court attached to the Economic Chamber of the Czech Republic and Agricultural Chamber of the Czech Republic. Expert: The Nominet term for panelists - the “judges” of the domain name dispute resolution system. Most experts are practising intellectual property lawyers. Federal Trademark Dilution Act: US legislation providing a powerful remedy for the owners of famous trade marks. The FTDA was enacted in 1996. It was the first statutory amendment of the US Lanham Act to address the challenges presented by the internet. Its main effect was to expand the protection available to famous marks by prohibiting dilution. FTDA: See the entry on the Federal Trademark Dilution Act. gTLD: This stands for generic top level domain. Examples of gTLDs include .com, .net and .org. Compare ccTLDs. ICANN: The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) administers the domain name system. It has promulgated no less than 10 different policies relating to dispute resolution. The most important policy is the Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the UDRP). The UDRP must be read in conjunction with the Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the Rules). ICANN's other dispute resolution policies relate, for instance, to specific kinds of domain name with particular registration requirements (e.g. .pro or .biz), the .info sunrise period, and disputes with registrars over domain name transfers. IDNs: See the entry on Internationalised Domain Names. Internationalised Domain Names: A domain name potentially containing non-ASCII characters, for example a domain name consisting of Arabic or The Sky Isn’t Falling – The Sky Isn't Falling ence of bad faith may be found in registrations intended to disrupt a competitor’s business. Finally, circumstances indicating the commercial use of a domain name which creates a likelihood of confusion between the domain name and the complainant’s mark are evidence of bad faith. The list is non-exhaustive.Sales failure is not a single, cataclysmic event. Sales stagnation, territory shrinkage and lost market share doesn’t happen overnight. Failure is the inevitable result of an accumulation of poor thinking, poor planning and poor choices. To put it more simply, failure to grow sales is nothing more than mistakes in judgment, complacency or the attitude of being in a comfort zone repeated every day.Now why would a sales person make these kinds of errors in judgment day after day? The answer is because they don’t even realize it or even if they do he or she does not think that it matters.On their own, our daily acts do not seem that important. A minor oversight, a poor decision, or a wasted hour generally doesn't result in an instant and measurable loss of sales. More often than not, there is no immediate consequence to our sales efforts. Maybe a missed opportunity or a lost order is the result but unless it’s a major deal the situation is generally not significant enough to create a “personal ability reality check.”If you have not bothered to make a cold call, if you have not bothered to prospect for new account development in the past ninety days, this lack of discipline may not seem to have any immediate impact on your sales life. And since nothing drastic happened to you after the first ninety days, you repeat this error in judgment for another ninety days, and on and on it goes. Why, because there doesn’t seem to be a major consequence. And herein lies the great danger. Far worse than having little focus on prospecting or new account development is not even realizing that it matters!Those who eat too many of the wrong foods are contributing to a future health problem, but the joy of the moment overshadows the consequence of the future. It does no Cancellation: One of the remedies permitted under the UDRP, Nominet Policy, and the .eu Regulation, but rarely employed. The usual remedy is transfer. Cancellation is also known as revocation. ccTLD: This stands for country code top level domain. Examples of ccTLDs include .us, .uk and .de. Complainant: The person making a complaint via a domain name arbitration service about a domain name registration (analogous to a plaintiff or claimant in litigation). Complaint: The document setting out the complainant’s case. There are detailed rules about what must go into a complaint, and the length of complaints is strictly limited under some regimes. Typically, a complaint would include references to the provisions of the relevant policy document, a description of the factual circumstances of the case, arguments as to why the case should be found in the complaint’s favour, and references to previous decisions which support the arguments. Cybersquatting: The practice of improperly registering or acquiring domain names in which others have rights. Decision: The domain name dispute equivalent of a court judgment. There is no formal system of precedent in domain name arbitration. However, the arbitration bodies are loath to allow a diversity of interpretations of their rules, and in practice panelists will not usually depart from well-reasoned earlier decisions (or at least that they know about). Domain name holder: Another name for a registrant. EURid: The body administering the .eu domain name. The EURid dispute resolution service is provided by the Prague-based Arbitration Court attached to the Economic Chamber of the Czech Republic and Agricultural Chamber of the Czech Republic. Expert: The Nominet term for panelists - the “judges” of the domain name dispute resolution system. Most experts are practising intellectual property lawyers. Federal Trademark Dilution Act: US legislation providing a powerful remedy for the owners of famous trade marks. The FTDA was enacted in 1996. It was the first statutory amendment of the US Lanham Act to address the challenges presented by the internet. Its main effect was to expand the protection available to famous marks by prohibiting dilution. FTDA: See the entry on the Federal Trademark Dilution Act. gTLD: This stands for generic top level domain. Examples of gTLDs include .com, .net and .org. Compare ccTLDs. ICANN: The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) administers the domain name system. It has promulgated no less than 10 different policies relating to dispute resolution. The most important policy is the Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the UDRP). The UDRP must be read in conjunction with the Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the Rules). ICANN's other dispute resolution policies relate, for instance, to specific kinds of domain name with particular registration requirements (e.g. .pro or .biz), the .info sunrise period, and disputes with registrars over domain name transfers. IDNs: See the entry on Internationalised Domain Names. Internationalised Domain Names: A domain name potentially containing non-ASCII characters, for example a domain name consisting of Arabic or Know the Law on Overtime Pay and references to previous decisions which support the arguments.Experts estimate that over 70% of businesses doing less than $200 million in sales in some way violate the Federal Wage and Hour Law. In my consulting practice, I am amazed at how frequently I find that clients are unknowingly setting themselves up for potential lawsuits.(See Chapter 10 in my new book, 30 Ways Managers Shoot Themselves in the Foot for more information on Compensation Opportunities in your business. See Shopping Cart at www.BillLeeOnLine.com. $21.95 + $6 S&H.)Liability for overtime that should have been paid, but wasn’t, can extend as far back as three years and can amount to big bucks if very many employees are involved. Typically, the issue of overtime arises when an employee is terminated and goes to a lawyer to determine the possibility of filing a wrongful dismissal lawsuit. If there are no grounds for such a lawsuit, an aggressive lawyer may decide to file for overtime violations if the attorney’s research determines that any were committed.The law requires employers to pay non exempt workers overtime pay for all hours worked over 40 in any given week.. To be exempt as an executive or manager -- that is, exempt from this law -- an employee’s “primary duty” must be managing as opposed to doing manual, inside sales or other non executive tasks. This means that the person must spend more than 50% of his or her time on managerial duties. The person must also regularly direct the work of at least two other full-time employees or their equivalent.In other words, the person could supervise four people working 20-hour weeks. He or she must also have the authority to hire or fire other employees and regularly exercise discretionary decision making.In addition, the exempt employee must be paid a salary of no less than $__ Cybersquatting: The practice of improperly registering or acquiring domain names in which others have rights. Decision: The domain name dispute equivalent of a court judgment. There is no formal system of precedent in domain name arbitration. However, the arbitration bodies are loath to allow a diversity of interpretations of their rules, and in practice panelists will not usually depart from well-reasoned earlier decisions (or at least that they know about). Domain name holder: Another name for a registrant. EURid: The body administering the .eu domain name. The EURid dispute resolution service is provided by the Prague-based Arbitration Court attached to the Economic Chamber of the Czech Republic and Agricultural Chamber of the Czech Republic. Expert: The Nominet term for panelists - the “judges” of the domain name dispute resolution system. Most experts are practising intellectual property lawyers. Federal Trademark Dilution Act: US legislation providing a powerful remedy for the owners of famous trade marks. The FTDA was enacted in 1996. It was the first statutory amendment of the US Lanham Act to address the challenges presented by the internet. Its main effect was to expand the protection available to famous marks by prohibiting dilution. FTDA: See the entry on the Federal Trademark Dilution Act. gTLD: This stands for generic top level domain. Examples of gTLDs include .com, .net and .org. Compare ccTLDs. ICANN: The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) administers the domain name system. It has promulgated no less than 10 different policies relating to dispute resolution. The most important policy is the Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the UDRP). The UDRP must be read in conjunction with the Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the Rules). ICANN's other dispute resolution policies relate, for instance, to specific kinds of domain name with particular registration requirements (e.g. .pro or .biz), the .info sunrise period, and disputes with registrars over domain name transfers. IDNs: See the entry on Internationalised Domain Names. Internationalised Domain Names: A domain name potentially containing non-ASCII characters, for example a domain name consisting of Arabic or Magicians, Restaurants, and Getting a Job the US Lanham Act to address the challenges presented by the internet. Its main effect was to expand the protection available to famous marks by prohibiting dilution.First, this post is not about magic, or how to perform magic. It's about getting a position in a restaurant performing your particular brand of magic.Working as a close-up performer in a restaurant is probably the easiest way for the inexperienced magician to gain valuable 'face time'. It's also one of the best ways to develop your close-up skills and work on your confidence.Working the same location, week after week, requires a different strategy and finesse from say - working birthday parties. Approaching friends, family, and co-workers to get a birthday gig is one thing - approaching the general manager of a national restaurant chain is something else.Here is a list of tips I consider "essential ":(1) Look for the proper type of Restaurant -It will be your responsibility, among other things, to help the restaurant cover that period of time between ordering and receiving the order. Seek restaurants that meet the criteria of having a legitimate 'wait time'. TGI Fridays and Applebees are good examples. Pizza restaurants that cook pizza on-demand are another good example. (Customers typically wait at least fifteen minutes on a fresh baked pizza)There are always exceptions to this 'rule', but these type of restaurants are a good place to begin your search.Since many restaurants hire magicians to work on typically slow days of the week in order to increase mid-week traffic, mention that you, for a fee of course, can just as easily perform for waiting customers on weekends. Not only will these customers appreciate the time-consuming entertainment, but it will help cut down on walk-offs that leave at the first sight of a long line.This little-used technique will definitely bring more money into the restaurant and kee FTDA: See the entry on the Federal Trademark Dilution Act. gTLD: This stands for generic top level domain. Examples of gTLDs include .com, .net and .org. Compare ccTLDs. ICANN: The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) administers the domain name system. It has promulgated no less than 10 different policies relating to dispute resolution. The most important policy is the Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the UDRP). The UDRP must be read in conjunction with the Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the Rules). ICANN's other dispute resolution policies relate, for instance, to specific kinds of domain name with particular registration requirements (e.g. .pro or .biz), the .info sunrise period, and disputes with registrars over domain name transfers. IDNs: See the entry on Internationalised Domain Names. Internationalised Domain Names: A domain name potentially containing non-ASCII characters, for example a domain name consisting of Arabic or Hebrew characters. Legitimate Interests: To help defeat a complaint made under the URDP, a Respondent should argue that he or she has legitimate interests in the domain name in dispute. A non-exhaustive list of ways of demonstrating a legitimate interest is set out in the UDRP. First, pre-dispute use of (or preparations for the use of) the domain name or a name corresponding to the domain name “in connection with a bona fide offering of goods or services” may constitute a legitimate interest. Second, you or your business being commonly known by the domain name may constitute a legitimate interest. Third, a legitimate non-commercial or fair use of the domain name may constitute a legitimate interest, providing that use does not misleadingly divert consumers of the complainant or tarnish the trade mark at issue. NAF: The National Arbitration Forum is a major forum for the resolution of domain name disputes. NAF focuses upon North American domain name disputes. Arbitration proceedings using NAF are governed by the UDRP, the Rules and NAF's Supplemental Rules. NAF also provides non-UDRP dispute resolution services, for example for disputes about .us and .kids.us domain names. Mediation: Mediation is a form of alternative dispute resolution where the parties to a dispute try to agree a settlement to the dispute with the help of a professional facilitator. The Nominet Dispute Resolutions Service provides a free mediation service. Mutual jurisdiction: This concept is used in the UDRP and other policies to refer to the jurisdictions in which formal court proceedings should be conducted in the event that domain name arbitration proceedings do not produce a satisfactory outcome. Under the UDRP it means either the courts of the country in which the relevant registrar is based or the courts in the country which the registrant claims to be based in its WHOIS entry. Nominet: The Nominet dispute resolution service deals with disputes involving .uk domain names (including .net.uk, .ltd.uk, .plc.uk, .co.uk, .org.uk and .me.uk). Nominet does not use the UDRP; instead, disputes are determined under Nominet's own Policy and Procedure. Panel: One or three panelists usually constitute the panel. Panelists: The judges of the domain name dispute resolution system. Many are practising intellectual property lawyers; many NAF panelists are retired US judges. Party: Legalese meaning a person who is involved in legal proceedings as a litigant. In the context of domain name arbitration proceedings, that means involvement as either a complainant or a respondent. Passing off: The English-law tort of passing off has been inherited many other common law jurisdictions. It is sometimes referred to (with some carelessness) as "unregistered trade mark infringement". The registration and use of a domain name can constitute passing off. Policy: The UDRP and the Nominet Policy are the most important documents in UDRP and Nominet arbitrations respectively. The equivalent rules in .eu arbitrations are contained in the Regulation. Procedure: The Nominet Procedure contains the detailed rules governing the conduct of Nominet domain name arbitrations – for example, time limits for action. Provider: The company or organisation that administers a domain name dispute resolution service. Some systems of domain name dispute resolution, such as the UDRP system, have more than one provider; others, such as the .eu system, have only one provider. Registrar: A company or organisation that is accredited by a registry to register domain names. Registrant: The person that “owns” (i.e. has the contractual right to use) the domain name. The registrant of a domain name can be found using a WHOIS service. Registration agreement: The agreement entered into between a registrar and a registrant upon the registration or acquisition of a domain name. The registration agreement stipulates the manner of dispute resolution, and therefore underpins the whole domain name dispute resolution system. Registration authority: See Registry. Registry: The organisation administering the domain name extension in question. For example, Nominet it the .uk registry and EURid is the .eu registry. Sometimes called the registration authority. Regulation: In the context of .eu domains, this means Commission Regulation (EC) No 874/2004 of 28 April 2004 laying down public policy rules concerning the implementation and functions of the .eu top level domain and the principles governing registration. Reply: The document in Nominet proceedings containing the complainant’s arguments in response to the respondent’s arguments in the response. It should not in general contain new arguments unrelated to points raised in the response
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